- Bit (0/1) → Byte (8 bits) → KB ( 1024 Bytes )→ MB ( 1024 KB ) → GB ( 1024 MB ) → TB ( 1024 GB ) → PB ( 1024 TB )
1. Introduction to Data Storage
Computers store all information—text, images, videos, and programs—using just two digits: 0 and 1. This system is called binary, and it’s the language computers understand.
Why 0s and 1s?
- Computers use electricity, which can be ON (1) or OFF (0).
- Every file, photo, or game is made up of millions of these binary digits (bits).
2. Bits and Bytes
What is a Bit?
- A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data (either 0 or 1).
- Example: A light switch → ON (1) or OFF (0).
What is a Byte?
- 1 Byte = 8 bits (e.g.,
01011010).
- A single byte can represent:
- A letter (e.g.,
A = 01000001 in binary).
- A number (e.g.,
5 = 00000101).
3. Units of Digital Storage
Computers measure data in larger units:
| Unit |
Full Name |
Size (In Bytes) |
Example Usage |
| KB |
Kilobyte |
1,024 bytes |
A short text document |
| MB |
Megabyte |
1,024 KB |
A song (3-4 MB) |
| GB |
Gigabyte |
1,024 MB |
A movie (1-2 GB) |
| TB |
Terabyte |
1,024 GB |
A laptop’s hard drive |
Fun Fact: How Many Books Fit in 1GB?